Mark is a chemical engineer who spent four years as a doctoral researcher (EngD) figuring out how to simulate coffee roasting in-silico, creating a digital twin of a coffee roaster. The data-driven approach meant a lot of roasting, analysis (physical, chemical and sensorial) and coding up of simulations to predict how different green coffees, in different roasters with different process conditions transform during roasting - in terms of their particle motion, temperature and physicochemical properties. Mark is now a Coffee Technology Specialist in R&D at JDE Peet’s where he is implementing his learnings to develop large-scale roasting practices.